The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for optogenetics

As BBC News writes, the Nobel Assembly called their work the basis of a new stage in neuroscience and noted that optogenetics makes it possible to switch on and off neural circuits associated with specific memories, feelings, and behavior.

Optogenetics uses the light-sensitive protein channelrhodopsin, which scientists borrowed from algae, to control the electrical activity of cells with light. In the early 2000s, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel discovered this protein, and Karl Deisseroth later showed how to use it to activate nerve cells in the brains of mice.

According to the committee, this gave researchers the ability to study individual neural circuits and neuron types in animals and better understand how the nervous system interacts with cells in other organs, including the heart and intestines. In clinical medicine, the method is already being tested in studies that aim to restore vision in people with retinitis pigmentosa, which destroys the rods and cones of the retina.

The laureates said receiving the prize was “absolutely wonderful” and called it an honor they share with friends. The monetary part of the award — 12 million Swedish kronor, or about £900,000 — will be divided between them.

Sources

• Material: bbc.co.uk